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All saw chain cuts with a rocking motion. When cutting properly, saw chain
resembles a dolphin swimming in the ocean. As the cutter enters the wood, the
“leading edge” starts to bite (#1) causing the cutter to rock back
as far as the depth gauge will allow (#2). The cutter is now in the “attack
position”. The cutter jumps off the guide bar and into the wood (#3).
Chain tension and power from the saw pull the cutter back out of the wood
and the severed chip exits from the underside of the cutter (#4). The cutter then
returns to its original position (#5). Any condition that upsets this smooth and efficient
rocking motion will have a negative effect on the life,
performance and cutting efficiency of any saw chain.
Depth Gauges
Depth gauges are often called rakers because some think they “rake” out the
severed chips, just like raking leaves. The actual function of the depth gauge is to
determine how far the cutter will rock back in position #2 and
ultimately how large a bite the cutter will take. Also, it is normal for the
depth gauge to sink into the wood under certain conditions as illustrated in positions
#2 and #3.
Clearance Angle
The “clearance angle” of the cutter on page 3 is the reason why saw chain
is able to cut with an efficient rocking motion. As you can see, the rear of the top
plate is lower in height than the front which allows it to tip forward as in position
#4 and exit the wood cleanly. Without a “clearance angle”, the cutter would not be
able to rock out of the wood. Finally, this “clearance angle” in
the cutter’s top plate complicates the process of depth gauge maintenance
Guide Bar Wood Chip
5
and will be discussed in detail later in this manual.